Óòâåðæäåí

Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì

Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî êîìèòåòà

ñòàíäàðòîâ Ñîâåòà Ìèíèñòðîâ ÑÑÑÐ

îò 28 ìàÿ 1976 ã. N 1349

 

Ñðîê ââåäåíèÿ óñòàíîâëåí

ñ 1 ÿíâàðÿ 1977 ãîäà

 

ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒ ÑÎÞÇÀ ÑÑÐ

 

ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÑÒÀÍÄÀÐÒÎÂ ÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÎÑÒÈ ÒÐÓÄÀ

 

ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÎÑÒÜ

 

ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ È ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß

 

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS SYSTEM.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

 

ÃÎÑÒ 12.1.009-76

 

Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî êîìèòåòà ñòàíäàðòîâ Ñîâåòà Ìèíèñòðîâ ÑÑÑÐ îò 28 ìàÿ 1976 ã. N 1349 ñðîê ââåäåíèÿ óñòàíîâëåí ñ 01.01.77.

Ïðîâåðåí â 1986 ã. Ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ãîññòàíäàðòà ÑÑÑÐ îò 21.10.86 N 3143 ñíÿòî îãðàíè÷åíèå ñðîêà äåéñòâèÿ.

 

Íàñòîÿùèé ñòàíäàðò óñòàíàâëèâàåò ïðèìåíÿåìûå â íàóêå, òåõíèêå è ïðîèçâîäñòâå òåðìèíû è îïðåäåëåíèÿ îñíîâíûõ ïîíÿòèé â îáëàñòè ýëåêòðîáåçîïàñíîñòè.

Òåðìèíû, óñòàíîâëåííûå íàñòîÿùèì ñòàíäàðòîì, îáÿçàòåëüíû äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ â äîêóìåíòàöèè âñåõ âèäîâ (âêëþ÷àÿ Îáùåñîþçíûå êëàññèôèêàòîðû òåõíèêî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé èíôîðìàöèè, òåçàóðóñû, äåñêðèïòîðíûå ñëîâàðè), ó÷åáíèêàõ, ó÷åáíûõ ïîñîáèÿõ, íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîé è ñïðàâî÷íîé ëèòåðàòóðå.

Äëÿ êàæäîãî ïîíÿòèÿ óñòàíîâëåí îäèí ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûé òåðìèí. Ïðèìåíåíèå òåðìèíîâ - ñèíîíèìîâ ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííîãî òåðìèíà çàïðåùàåòñÿ.

Íåäîïóñòèìûå ê ïðèìåíåíèþ òåðìèíû-ñèíîíèìû îáîçíà÷åíû ïîìåòîé "Íäï".

Äëÿ îòäåëüíûõ ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûõ òåðìèíîâ â ñòàíäàðòå ïðèâåäåíû èõ êðàòêèå ôîðìû, êîòîðûå ðàçðåøàåòñÿ ïðèìåíÿòü â ñëó÷àÿõ, èñêëþ÷àþùèõ âîçìîæíîñòü èõ ðàçëè÷íîãî òîëêîâàíèÿ.

 ñòàíäàðòå ïðèâåäåí àëôàâèòíûé óêàçàòåëü ñîäåðæàùèõñÿ â íåì òåðìèíîâ.

Ñòàíäàðòèçîâàííûå òåðìèíû íàáðàíû ïîëóæèðíûì øðèôòîì, èõ êðàòêàÿ ôîðìà - ñâåòëûì, à íåäîïóñòèìûå ñèíîíèìû - êóðñèâîì.

 

┌────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────┐

         Òåðìèí                       Îïðåäåëåíèå             

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│1. ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÎÑÒÜ  │Ñèñòåìà îðãàíèçàöèîííûõ è òåõíè÷åñêèõ 

                        │ìåðîïðèÿòèé è ñðåäñòâ, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ 

                        │çàùèòó ëþäåé îò âðåäíîãî è îïàñíîãî   

                        │âîçäåéñòâèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî òîêà, ýëåê- │

                        òðè÷åñêîé äóãè, ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîãî ïîëÿ │

                        │è ñòàòè÷åñêîãî ýëåêòðè÷åñòâà          

                                                              

│2. ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÒÐÀÂÌÀ        │Òðàâìà, âûçâàííàÿ âîçäåéñòâèåì ýëåêòðè-│

                        ÷åñêîãî òîêà èëè ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé äóãè   

                                                              

│3. ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÒÐÀÂÌÀÒÈÇÌ    │ßâëåíèå, õàðàêòåðèçóþùååñÿ ñîâîêóïíîñ- │

                        òüþ ýëåêòðîòðàâì                      

                                                              

│4. ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÓÑÒÀÍÎÂÊÀ     │Ïî ÃÎÑÒ 19431-84                      

                                                              

│5. ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÇÀÌÛÊÀ-│Ñëó÷àéíîå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ñîåäèíåíèå    

│ÍÈÅ ÍÀ ÊÎÐÏÓÑ           │òîêîâåäóùåé ÷àñòè ñ ìåòàëëè÷åñêèìè    

│Çàìûêàíèå íà êîðïóñ     │íåòîêîâåäóùèìè ÷àñòÿìè ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâêè│

                                                              

│6. ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÇÀÌÛÊÀ-│Ñëó÷àéíîå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ñîåäèíåíèå    

│ÍÈÅ ÍÀ ÇÅÌËÞ            │òîêîâåäóùåé ÷àñòè íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ñ   

│Çàìûêàíèå íà çåìëþ      │çåìëåé, èëè íåòîêîâåäóùèìè ïðîâîäÿùèìè │

                        │êîíñòðóêöèÿìè, èëè ïðåäìåòàìè, íå èçî- │

                        ëèðîâàííûìè îò çåìëè                  

                                                               

│7. ÒÎÊ ÇÀÌÛÊÀÍÈß ÍÀ     │Òîê, ïðîõîäÿùèé ÷åðåç ìåñòî çàìûêàíèÿ 

│ÇÅÌËÞ                   │íà çåìëþ                              

                                                              

│8. ÇÎÍÀ ÐÀÑÒÅÊÀÍÈß ÒÎÊÀ │Çîíà çåìëè, çà ïðåäåëàìè êîòîðîé ýëåê- │

│ÇÀÌÛÊÀÍÈß ÍÀ ÇÅÌËÞ      òðè÷åñêèé ïîòåíöèàë, îáóñëîâëåííûé    

│Çîíà ðàñòåêàíèÿ òîêà    │òîêàìè çàìûêàíèÿ íà çåìëþ, ìîæåò áûòü 

                        │óñëîâíî ïðèíÿò ðàâíûì íóëþ            

                                                              

│9. ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈÅ ÎÒÍÎÑÈ-   │Íàïðÿæåíèå îòíîñèòåëüíî òî÷êè çåìëè,  

│ÒÅËÜÍÎ ÇÅÌËÈ            │íàõîäÿùåéñÿ âíå çîíû ðàñòåêàíèÿ òîêà  

                        │çàìûêàíèÿ íà çåìëþ                     

                                                              

│10. ÎÄÍÎÔÀÇÍÎÅ ÏÐÈÊÎÑÍÎ-│Ïðèêîñíîâåíèå ê îäíîé ôàçå ýëåêòðîóñòà-│

│ÂÅÍÈÅ                   íîâêè, íàõîäÿùåéñÿ ïîä íàïðÿæåíèåì    

                                                               

│11. ÎÄÍÎÏÎËÞÑÍÎÅ        │Ïðèêîñíîâåíèå ê ïîëþñó ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâ- │

│ÏÐÈÊÎÑÍÎÂÅÍÈÅ           êè, íàõîäÿùåéñÿ ïîä íàïðÿæåíèåì       

                                                              

│12. ÄÂÓÕÔÀÇÍÎÅ ÏÐÈÊÎÑÍÎ-│Îäíîâðåìåííîå ïðèêîñíîâåíèå ê äâóì    

│ÂÅÍÈÅ                   │ôàçàì ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâêè, íàõîäÿùåéñÿ ïîä

                        │íàïðÿæåíèåì                           

                                                              

│13. ÄÂÓÕÏÎËÞÑÍÎÅ        │Îäíîâðåìåííîå ïðèêîñíîâåíèå ê äâóì    

│ÏÐÈÊÎÑÍÎÂÅÍÈÅ           │ïîëþñàì ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâêè, íàõîäÿùåéñÿ 

                        │ïîä íàïðÿæåíèåì                       

                                                              

│14. ÎÙÓÒÈÌÛÉ ÒÎÊ        │Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèé òîê, âûçûâàþùèé ïðè ïðî- │

                        │õîæäåíèè ÷åðåç îðãàíèçì îùóòèìûå ðàç- 

                        äðàæåíèÿ                              

                                                               

│15. ÍÅÎÒÏÓÑÊÀÞÙÈÉ ÒÎÊ   │Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèé òîê, âûçûâàþùèé ïðè ïðî- │

                        │õîæäåíèè ÷åðåç ÷åëîâåêà íåïðåîäîëèìûå 

                        │ñóäîðîæíûå ñîêðàùåíèÿ ìûøö ðóêè, â    

                        êîòîðîé çàæàò ïðîâîäíèê               

                                                              

│16. ÔÈÁÐÈËËßÖÈÎÍÍÛÉ ÒÎÊ │Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèé òîê, âûçûâàþùèé ïðè ïðî- │

                        õîæäåíèè ÷åðåç îðãàíèçì ôèáðèëëÿöèþ   

                        │ñåðäöà                                 

                                                              

│17. ÏÎÐÎÃÎÂÛÉ ÎÙÓÒÈÌÛÉ  │Íàèìåíüøåå çíà÷åíèå îùóòèìîãî òîêà    

│ÒÎÊ                                                           

Íäï. <Ïîðîã îùóòèìîãî                                         

│òîêà>                                                         

                                                              

│18. ÏÎÐÎÃÎÂÛÉ           │Íàèìåíüøåå çíà÷åíèå íåîòïóñêàþùåãî òîêà│

│ÍÅÎÒÏÓÑÊÀÞÙÈÉ ÒÎÊ                                             

Íäï. <Ïîðîã íåîòïóñêàþ- │                                      

ùåãî òîêà>                                                    

                                                               

│19. ÏÎÐÎÃÎÂÛÉ           │Íàèìåíüøåå çíà÷åíèå ôèáðèëëÿöèîííîãî  

│ÔÈÁÐÈËËßÖÈÎÍÍÛÉ ÒÎÊ     │òîêà                                  

Íäï. <Ïîðîã ôèáðèëëÿöè- │                                      

îííîãî òîêà>                                                   

                                                              

│20. ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈÅ          │Íàïðÿæåíèå ìåæäó äâóìÿ òî÷êàìè öåïè   

│ÏÐÈÊÎÑÍÎÂÅÍÈß           │òîêà, êîòîðûõ îäíîâðåìåííî êàñàåòñÿ   

                        │÷åëîâåê                               

                                                              

│21. ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈÅ ØÀÃÀ     │Íàïðÿæåíèå ìåæäó äâóìÿ òî÷êàìè öåïè   

                        │òîêà, íàõîäÿùèìèñÿ îäíà îò äðóãîé íà  

                        │ðàññòîÿíèè øàãà, íà êîòîðûõ îäíîâðåìåí-│

                        │íî ñòîèò ÷åëîâåê                      

                                                              

│22. ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÎÒ ÏÐÈÊÎÑÍÎ- │Óñòðîéñòâî ïðåäîòâðàùàþùåå ïðèêîñíîâå- │

│ÂÅÍÈß Ê ÒÎÊÎÂÅÄÓÙÈÌ     íèå èëè ïðèáëèæåíèå íà îïàñíîå ðàññòîÿ-│

│×ÀÑÒßÌ                  íèå ê òîêîâåäóùèì ÷àñòÿì              

│Çàùèòà îò ïðèêîñíîâåíèÿ │                                      

                                                               

│23. ÇÀÙÈÒÍÎÅ ÇÀÇÅÌËÅÍÈÅ │Ïðåäíàìåðåííîå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ñîåäèíåíèå│

                        │ñ çåìëåé èëè åå ýêâèâàëåíòîì ìåòàëëè- 

                        ÷åñêèõ íåòîêîâåäóùèõ ÷àñòåé, êîòîðûå  

                        │ìîãóò îêàçàòüñÿ ïîä íàïðÿæåíèåì       

                                                              

│24. ÇÀÍÓËÅÍÈÅ           │Ïðåäíàìåðåííîå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîå ñîåäèíåíèå│

Íäï. <Çàùèòíîå çàíóëå-  │ñ íóëåâûì çàùèòíûì ïðîâîäíèêîì ìåòàëëè-│

íèå>                    ÷åñêèõ íåòîêîâåäóùèõ ÷àñòåé, êîòîðûå  

                        │ìîãóò îêàçàòüñÿ ïîä íàïðÿæåíèåì       

                                                              

│25. ÍÓËÅÂÎÉ ÇÀÙÈÒÍÛÉ    │Ïðîâîäíèê, ñîåäèíÿþùèé çàíóëÿåìûå ÷àñòè│

│ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊ               │ñ ãëóõîçàçåìëåííîé íåéòðàëüíîé òî÷êîé 

                        │îáìîòêè èñòî÷íèêà òîêà èëè åå ýêâèâà- 

                        ëåíòîì                                

                                                              

│26. ÇÀÙÈÒÍÎÅ ÎÒÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ │Áûñòðîäåéñòâóþùàÿ çàùèòà, îáåñïå÷èâàþ- │

                        ùàÿ àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå îòêëþ÷åíèå ýëåêòðî- │

                        │óñòàíîâêè ïðè âîçíèêíîâåíèè â íåé îïàñ-│

                        íîñòè ïîðàæåíèÿ òîêîì                  

                                                              

│27. ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ       │Ðàçäåëåíèå ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè íà îò-  

│ÐÀÇÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÑÅÒÈ         │äåëüíûå ýëåêòðè÷åñêè íå ñâÿçàííûå ìåæäó

│Ðàçäåëåíèå ñåòè         │ñîáîé óñòàíîâêè ñ ïîìîùüþ ðàçäåëÿþùåãî

                        │òðàíñôîðìàòîðà                        

                                                              

│28. ÐÀÇÄÅËßÞÙÈÉ         │Ñïåöèàëüíûé òðàíñôîðìàòîð, ïðåäíàçíà- 

│ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÒÎР          ÷åííûé äëÿ îòäåëåíèÿ ïðèåìíèêà ýíåðãèè │

                        │îò ïåðâè÷íîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñåòè è ñåòè │

                        │çàçåìëåíèÿ                            

                                                              

│29. ÂÛÐÀÂÍÈÂÀÍÈÅ        │Ìåòîä ñíèæåíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ ïðèêîñíîâåíèÿ│

│ÏÎÒÅÍÖÈÀËÀ              │è øàãà ìåæäó òî÷êàìè ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé    

                        │öåïè, ê êîòîðûì âîçìîæíî îäíîâðåìåííîå

                        │ïðèêîñíîâåíèå èëè íà êîòîðûõ ìîæåò    

                        │îäíîâðåìåííî ñòîÿòü ÷åëîâåê           

                                                              

│30. ÌÀËÎÅ ÍÀÏÐßÆÅÍÈÅ    │Íîìèíàëüíîå íàïðÿæåíèå íå áîëåå 42 Â, 

Íäï. <Áåçîïàñíîå íàïðÿ- │ïðèìåíÿåìîå â öåëÿõ óìåíüøåíèÿ îïàñíîñ-│

æåíèå>                  òè ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèì òîêîì      

                                                              

│31. ÁËÎÊÈÐÎÂÊÀ          │Ïî ÃÎÑÒ 18311-80                      

                                                               

│32. ÐÀÁÎ×Àß ÈÇÎËßÖÈß    │Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ èçîëÿöèÿ òîêîâåäóùèõ ÷àñ-│

                        òåé ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâêè, îáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ åå│

                        │íîðìàëüíóþ ðàáîòó è çàùèòó îò ïîðàæåíèÿ│

                        │ýëåêòðè÷åñêèì òîêîì                   

                                                              

│33. ÄÎÏÎËÍÈÒÅËÜÍÀß      │Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ èçîëÿöèÿ, ïðåäóñìîòðåííàÿ│

│ÈÇÎËßÖÈß                │äîïîëíèòåëüíî ê ðàáî÷åé èçîëÿöèè äëÿ  

                        │çàùèòû îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèì òîêîì│

                        │â ñëó÷àå ïîâðåæäåíèÿ ðàáî÷åé èçîëÿöèè 

                                                              

│34. ÄÂÎÉÍÀß ÈÇÎËßÖÈß    │Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ èçîëÿöèÿ, ñîñòîÿùàÿ èç  

                        │ðàáî÷åé è äîïîëíèòåëüíîé èçîëÿöèè     

                                                              

│35. ÓÑÈËÅÍÍÀß ÈÇÎËßÖÈß  │Óëó÷øåííàÿ ðàáî÷àÿ èçîëÿöèÿ, îáåñïå÷è- │

                        âàþùàÿ òàêóþ æå ñòåïåíü çàùèòû îò ïîðà-│

                        æåíèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèì òîêîì, êàê è äâîé- │

                        íàÿ èçîëÿöèÿ                          

                                                              

│36. ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÇÀÙÈÒÍÛÅ     │Ïåðåíîñèìûå è ïåðåâîçèìûå èçäåëèÿ, ñëó-│

│ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ                æàùèå äëÿ çàùèòû ëþäåé, ðàáîòàþùèõ ñ  

                        │ýëåêòðîóñòàíîâêàìè, îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåê- │

                        òðè÷åñêèì òîêîì, îò âîçäåéñòâèÿ ýëåê- 

                        òðè÷åñêîé äóãè è ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîãî ïîëÿ│

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ÀËÔÀÂÈÒÍÛÉ ÓÊÀÇÀÒÅËÜ ÒÅÐÌÈÍÎÂ

 

ÁËÎÊÈÐÎÂÊÀ                                                      31

ÂÛÐÀÂÍÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÎÒÅÍÖÈÀËÀ                                         29

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ÒÎÊ ÎÙÓÒÈÌÛÉ                                                    14

ÒÎÊ ÎÙÓÒÈÌÛÉ ÏÎÐÎÃÎÂÛÉ                                          17

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ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÒÎÐ ÐÀÇÄÅËßÞÙÈÉ                                       28

ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÎÑÒÜ                                              1

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ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÒÐÀÂÌÀÒÈÇÌ                                                3

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